Lebanon-Misc
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Lebanon In The Bible
Do you ever wonder how old is
Lebanon, it is surely older than the Bible. Lebanon is mentioned 65 times in
the Bible.
Search words: "Lebanon" 65 results.

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| Author | Topic: Beirut, One of the Most Expensive Cities | ||
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Beirut office space among world’s most expensive Capital is No. 1 in Middle East
Beirut has been ranked as the world’s 23rd most expensive city for office
locations, according to a 2003 survey conducted by property consultants Cushman
& Wakefield Healy & Baker.
The ranking, which was released by Saradar Weekly Monitor, surveyed 46 cities
around the world.
Beirut, once the “Pearl of the Orient,” was also ranked as the most expensive
city in the Middle East and Africa, right before Tel Aviv, Dubai, Istanbul and
Johannesburg. In last year’s survey, Beirut was the 28th most expensive city
worldwide and the second most expensive in the region.
It also ranked immediately behind Singapore, Oslo and Bucharest and was
considered more expensive than “hip” cities such as Taipei, Vienna and Sydney,
with average rent for offices reaching a staggering 361 euros ($446) per square
meter. Ironically for a country experiencing sluggish economic growth, Dubai’s
average rent price did not exceed 264 euros per square meter, while the regional
average was at 253.6 euros per square meter.
London, Tokyo and Paris kept their respective positions as the world’s three
most expensive cities for office space.
Approximately 58 percent of the Beirut Central District’s (BCD’s) 342,589 square
meters of office space is occupied, according to a survey released in December
by RAMCO real estate consultants. The Beirut-based group said that there are 119
office buildings in the BCD, with 30 of them, (or 25 percent) fully occupied and
44 buildings, (or 37 percent) completely vacant.
The survey, conducted by Cushman & Wakefield Healy & Baker, also covered the
world’s most expensive shopping destinations. BCD ranked as the 34th most
expensive shopping location behind Stockholm and Budapest and before Warsaw
and Mexico City and the fourth most expensive in the region behind Kuwait
City, Tel Aviv and Istanbul and before Dubai and Johannesburg.
According to the property consultants, the cost of retail space in the BCD was
$1,000 per square meter, “slightly higher than the regional average of $991.2
per square meter,” said Saradar Weekly Monitor. BCD also posted a surprising
14.8 percent increase in price in just under a year, from $871 per square meter
in 2002.
However, even after September 11, New York City remained the world’s most
expensive shopping destination, with average price for retail space on Fifth
Avenue reaching an unbelievable $9,149 per square meter.
Cushman & Wakefield Healy & Baker is part of the world’s largest commercial real
estate consultancy. Founded in London in 1820, the firm is an international
partnership and part of Cushman & Wakefield, with a staff of over 11,000 in 49
countries
Country profile: Lebanon
One of the most complex and divided countries in the region, for the past three decades Lebanon has been on the fringes, and at times at the heart, of the Middle East conflict surrounding the creation of Israel.
A small, mountainous country, Lebanon was under French mandate until independence in 1943. Its population is a mixture of various Christian sects, Sunni Muslims, Shi'i Muslims, Druze and others, having been a refuge for the region's persecuted minorities.
Government structures are divided between the various groups. The country has also seen several large influxes of Palestinian refugees, most of whom still have limited legal status.
OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW | FACTS | LEADERS | MEDIA
From 1975 until the early 1990s Lebanon suffered a bloody civil war in which regional powers - particularly Israel, Syria and the Palestine Liberation Organisation - used the country as a battlefield for their own conflicts. Israeli troops invaded in 1982 before pulling back to a self-declared "security zone" in 1985 from which they withdrew in May 2000.
Syria is currently the major power in the country, but with the Israeli withdrawal there are growing calls for its troops to pull out too. Peace for Lebanon is still fragile, but a high literacy rate and traditional mercantile culture means it remains an important commercial centre for the Middle East.
FACTS
OVERVIEW | FACTS | LEADERS | MEDIA
LEBANON FACTS Population: 3.6 million (UN, 2003)
Capital: Beirut
Major language: Arabic
Major religions: Islam, Christianity
Life expectancy: 72 years (men), 75 years (women) (UN)
Monetary unit: 1 Lebanese pound (£L) = 100 piastres
Main exports: Foodstuffs and tobacco
Average annual income: US $4,010 (World Bank, 2001)
Internet domain: .lb International dialling code: +961
LEADERS ] OVERVIEW | FACTS | LEADERS | MEDIA
President: General Emile Lahoud
Emile Lahoud was born on 12 January 1936, the son of General Jamil Lahoud, who played a role in the creation of the Lebanese army and in Lebanon's struggle for independence.
He became commander of the First Fleet in 1968 and held various posts in the army between 1970 and 1983, when he was appointed head of the Military Office in the Ministry of Defence. As army commander-in-chief from 1989-98, he rebuilt the force, which had been weakened by the civil war, into a well-organised non-sectarian body.
When he became president in November 1998 he met with general approval, being regarded as a nationalist and an enemy of corruption.
Prime minister: Rafik Hariri
Finance minister: Fu'ad Sinyurah
Defence minister: Mahmud Hammud
Economics and trade minister: Marwan Hamadah
Foreign minister: Jean Obeid
Interior minister: Ilyas al-Murr
MEDIA
OVERVIEW | FACTS | LEADERS | MEDIA
Lebanon's broadcasting scene is well-developed, lively and diverse, reflecting the country's pluralism and divisions.
Lebanon was the first Arab country to permit private radio and television stations. But the government has a say over who may operate stations and whether or not they can broadcast news. Several stations are owned by leading politicians.
Commercial stations kicked off TV broadcasting in Lebanon. Compagnie Libanaise de Télévision launched in 1959 and was followed in 1962 by Télé Orient, backed by the US network ABC.
Most stations currently on the air were set up after the civil war by Muslim and Christian factions. Tele-Liban is the state TV service, and broadcasts a large proportion of home-grown programming. Take-up of cable TV is widespread.
During the civil war the radio market was unregulated, with more than 100 stations on the air. With a 1996 law the government reined in the media and licensed a smaller number of private radio stations.
Criticism of officials and policies is carried daily in dozens of newspapers and hundreds of periodicals.
The press: An-Nahar Al-Safir Al-Anwar Daily Star - English-language L'Orient-Le Jour - French-language
Television: Tele-Liban - state-run Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation (LBC) - commercial, market leader and pan-regional broadcaster Al-Manar TV - pro-Hezbollah Future TV - commercial, part-owned by prime minister
Radio: Voice of Lebanon - established commercial station Radio Liban - state-run Radio Delta - commercial
Internet:
By the end of 2000 there were some 300,000 internet users.
Story from BBC NEWS:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/791071.stm
Published: 2003/09/11 11:16:22 GMT
Lebanon's turning ex-pat tide
By Kim Ghattas
BBC correspondent in Beirut
Not the typical Lebanese flat, thin pita bread but big round loaves of pumpernickel bread and Italian-style ciabattas.
Originally an architect, Mr Atayah started the Bread Republic bakery two months ago and it is now the talk of the town.
Like many Lebanese, Mr Atayah has lived abroad for many years and like many Lebanese he has come back with new ideas to try out in Beirut.
"The Lebanese are adventurous and ready to try something new. Just look at the sushi craze here in Beirut - you would think we're part of the rising sun empire," said Mr Atayah.
"This is a country of emigration and this is what keeps Lebanon going - the openness of Lebanon - people go and come back with new ideas."
Family recall
After 14 years in Los Angeles, Mr Atayah, 41-years-old and a father of two, returned for the same reason many Lebanese return - family life.
"It is much easier to raise kids in Lebanon than anywhere else. Family ties are strong, there are always grandmothers or grandparents to help out with the kids and you want your kids to have the same that you had," said the baker, wearing a t-shirt and trainers.
"This was part of the reason, but in the end we thought that either we move now or we stay in LA for ever and die there, and we were not ready for that."
Since the mid-1800s, hundreds of thousands of Lebanese have fled wars, famine and dire economic conditions.
Today, you can be guaranteed to find a Lebanese community big or small, wherever you go, whether it is West Africa, the US, Europe, Australia or Latin American.
Even if they are third generation emigrants, Lebanese still consider themselves from Lebanon and return often to spend their summers here and look up family.
Brain drain
About 150,000 Lebanese left during the civil war, but the real brain drain came after the war, around the mid-1990s when the economy went into a slump.
Today, hundreds of young Lebanese emigrate every year to find better job opportunities abroad or to continue their studies at universities in the US or Europe.
Lebanon's highly-skilled, highly-educated expatriate community remains
an untapped resource
A professor in microbiology, he is now teaching at the American University of Beirut where his skills and experience are much needed.
"I feel a little contribution towards my country. I love teaching, my students love me. I'm using the latest technologies and teaching materials from Stanford for my courses," said Mr Harakeh.
"It's very important, it's an obligation. It's pay-back time now."
Unfortunately, not much is being done to reverse the brain drain, and the highly-skilled, highly-educated Lebanese expatriate community remains an untapped resource.
"The Lebanese diasporas is very well known abroad, like the Armenian or Jewish diasporas, they excelled in so many fields," said Hoda Moawad.
"Everybody in Lebanon is aware of the human capital we have abroad, the Lebanese expatriates represent a human and financial reserve, but they are not being used, there is no specific project to attract the Lebanese expatriates."
Turning tide
Despite the difficulties they encounter when they return, many Lebanese are willing to give up life in the West to return to a country with nice weather, great restaurants and an easy-going life that revolves not around work but friends and family.
This is what Tania Khair opted for when she gave up a well-paid job at a bank in Paris.
Totally burnt out from seven years of studying and working in the French capital, Ms Khair returned a year ago to Lebanon and enjoyed the warmth of friends and family... but not for long.
It's not good for a girl to live on her own here, so I'm thinking of
going back to Europe
Tania Khair
"When I was there, I never felt any pressure, especially pressure to get married. I was a lot more independent there," she said, sipping an espresso in a chic cafe in central Beirut.
"Now I live with my parents again and they ask questions all the time. Living on my own here is not easy because of the mentality. It's not good for a girl to live on her own here, so I'm thinking of going back to Europe in a year, after two years here, because of the pressure and mentality."
And so Lebanon remains a land of many contradictions, somewhere between the East and the West, traditional and modern at the same time.
For Lebanese who have lived abroad, it is not always easy to adapt to the Lebanese lifestyle again with all its social expectations.
Many like Ms Khair will leave again and others will return, injecting some new ideas before perhaps leaving again.
This is all probably what makes Lebanon what it is.
Another info about Lebanon from this web site: http://www.atlapedia.com/online/countries/lebanon.htm
OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Lebanon
CAPITAL: Beirut
SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT: Unitary Multiparty Republic
AREA: 10,452 Sq Km (4,036 Sq Mi)
ESTIMATED 2000 POPULATION: 3,319,800
LOCATION & GEOGRAPHY: Lebanon is located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the Middle East. It is bound by Syria to the north and east, Israel to the south and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. The country can be divided into four topographical regions (1.) The coastal plain which is a narrow strip in the north. (2.) The coastal mountain range or Lebanon Mountains which are a series of crests and ridges. (3.) The Central Plateau which consists of the Syrian Plain and part of the Biqa valley. (4.) The eastern mountain range which comprises the remainder of the Biqa Valley and rises to form the Jabal ash Sharqi or Anti-Lebanon Mountains as well as the Jabal ash Shaikh or Mt. Hermon, which forms the eastern border with Syria. The two principal rivers are the Orontes and the Litani or Leontes. Major Cities (pop. est.); Beirut 1,100,000, Tripoli 240,000, Zahlah 48,000, Sayda (Sidon) 40,500 (1991). Land Use; forested 8%, pastures 1%, agricultural-cultivated 30%, other 61% (1993).
CLIMATE: Lebanon has a Mediterranean climate with a wide variation in climatic conditions. Summers are generally hot and dry while winters are warm and moist. Temperatures and precipitation vary depending on altitude, while winters are cooler on the central plateau region and on the coast. Precipitation, in general, decreases from west to east, with most rainfall occurring in the winter months. Average annual precipitation in Beirut is 920 mm (36 inches) and average temperature ranges are from 11 to 17 degrees Celsius (52 to 63 degrees Fahrenheit) in January to 23 to 32 degrees Celsius (73 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit) in August.
PEOPLE: The principal ethnic majority are the Lebanese Arabs who account for 83% of the population while Palestinian Arabs account for 10%. The remainder are comprised of other ethnic minorities and include Armenians, the largest ethnic minority accounting for 5% of the population, Assyrians, Kurds, Jews, Turks and Greeks.
DEMOGRAPHIC/VITAL STATISTICS: Density; 268 persons per sq km (695 persons per sq mi) (1991). Urban-Rural; 83.7% urban, 16.3% rural (1990). Sex Distribution; 48.6% male, 51.4% female (1990). Life Expectancy at Birth; 61.5 years male, 69.0 years female (1990). Age Breakdown; 35% under 15, 31% 15 to 29, 15% 30 to 44, 10% 45 to 59, 7% 60 to 74, 2% 75 and over (1990). Birth Rate; 31.7 per 1,000 (1990). Death Rate; 8.7 per 1,000 (1990). Increase Rate; 23.0 per 1,000 (1990). Infant Mortality Rate; 44.0 per 1,000 live births (1990).
RELIGIONS: Around 40% of the population are Christians mainly Maronite or Greek Orthodox, Assyrian Catholic, Roman Catholic and Protestant. While around 60% of the population are either Sunni, Shiite or Druze Muslims.
LANGUAGES: The official language is Arabic, although French and English are used for government and diplomatic purposes. Other minority languages include Armenian, Kurdish, Assyrian and Syriac.
EDUCATION: Aged 25 or over and having attained: no formal schooling 45.6%, incomplete primary 28.5%, primary 10.8%, incomplete secondary 7.1%, secondary 4.9%, higher 3.1% (1970). Literacy; literate population aged 15 or over 80.0% (1990).
MODERN HISTORY - WWII TO 1993: On Jan. 1, 1944 Lebanon gained full independence from France. Christian and Muslim leaders agreed to share power in the government and retained strong ties with the West after independence. From 1948 to 1949 Lebanon participated in the Arab League's war against Israel, however, the country remained peaceful until 1958 when some Nasserist Muslims rebelled against the government. At the request of Pres. Camille Chamoun, the US sent thousands of Marines to restore peace. As a result Fuad Chebab replaced Chamoun as President until 1964 when Charles Helou replaced Chebab. Until 1970 the Muslims and Christians shared power peacefully when in 1969 the activities of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) led to fighting in Lebanon. During the 1970's conflict between Lebanese Christian and Muslim groups flared up, as the Christians opposed the PLO while the Muslims supported them. In Apr. 1975 after a series of clashes between the PLO and the Maronites' armed militia ended in the massacre of a bus load of Palestinians, a full scale civil war broke out between Christians and the Muslim-PLO alliance. In Apr. 1976 Syria sent thousands of troops to the country in an effort to restore order at the President's request and full scale fighting in Lebanon ended in late 1976. However, tension continued between the Christians and Muslim-PLO alliance with continual conflict resulting in the UN sending a peace keeping force to Lebanon in 1978. In Mar. 1978 Israeli forces responded to PLO attacks by invading Lebanon and driving the PLO forces out of the southern part of the country. In June 1982 Israeli troops launched a further invasion and in Aug. after heavy bombing of Beirut the PLO withdrew to other Arab countries. In Sept. 1982 President elect Bashir Gemayel was assassinated and two days later Israeli backed Phalangists massacred Palestinian civilians. In 1983 foreign troops in Lebanon became victims of terrorist bombings and in May 1983 Israel withdrew to southern Lebanon but came under heavy attack from the Druze Muslim militia. In May 1984 Pres. Amin Gemayel formed a national unity government headed by Rashid Karami, a Sunni Muslim, who was later assassinated in June 1987. By mid-1985 Israel had completely withdrawn from Lebanon but remained in control of a security corridor along their border to eliminate further PLO attacks from Lebanon. During the late 1980's Muslim militia resorted to kidnapping Westerners and after the end of Gemayel's presidential term in Sept. 1988 he appointed a transitional military government headed by Gen. Michel Aoun, a Maronite army commander. In Mar. 1989 Aoun launched a "war of liberation" against the Syrian occupants and their Muslim allies. In Nov. 1989 Rene Mouawad was elected President and 17 days later was assassinated in a bomb attack. Elias Hrawi, a moderate Maronite, was elected President. In Oct. 1990 at Hrawi's request Syrian warplanes attacked the Presidential Palace where Gen. Aoun had held up since refusing to hand over power. Aoun escaped to the French Embassy and pledged his alliance to Hrawi's government while his 15,000 strong force stopped retaliating. In Jan. 1991 Pres. Hrawi declared Lebanon's 15 year old civil war over, although the Lebanese Army still had to regain control of the ports and economic centers as well as disarm the private militia. On Mar. 15, 1991 the Beirut Airport was reopened and in June 1991 the first western commercial air flight since 1985 landed at the airport. On June 7, 1991 some forty new members of the Chamber of Deputies (Parliament) replaced the 1972-elected members that had died since then. On June 14, 1991 the government appointed Council for Development and Reconstruction signed an venture agreement with a US engineering firm to work and oversee local engineers redevelopment of Beirut. By July 11, 1991 the Lebanese army had control of PLO strongholds in southern Lebanon. Following which Pres. Hrawi requested the US to help in getting Israel to withdraw its troops from their border territory. On Aug. 8, 1991 John McCarthy was released after being held hostage by pro-Iranian militants for 5 years followed by Terry Anderson, the longest-held hostage on Dec. 4, 1991. On Dec. 20, 1991 a car bomb killed 20 people in Beirut. Also during 1991 Gen. Aoun left for exile in Paris after the government announced a general amnesty for "offenses" committed in the civil war that also resulted in the resignation of two leading Shiite politicians. In Feb. 1992 the government introduced an economic austerity program and on March 6, 1992 in response to the austerity measures the General Confederation of Lebanese Workers began a series of strikes. On May 6, 1992 Prime Minister Omar Karami resigned and Rashid as-Solh was elected caretaker Prime Minister that led to political infighting between the Druze and Maronite factions. On June 17, 1992 the last two Western hostages, German aid workers, were released by Shiite militia that enabled a US $212 million grant in EU aid to proceed. On Aug. 23, 1992 the first elections held since May 1972 began although most of the Christians boycotted the polls. The elections resulted in new National Assembly consisting of mostly of pro-Syrian members as well as pro-Iranian Hezbollah fundamentalists. On Sept. 11, 1992 Pres. Hrawi met with the Syrian President, Hafez al-Assad and agreed to continue with the US-sponsored Arab-Israeli peace talks, although no progress was made regarding the withdrawal of some 40,000 Syrian troops still stationed in Lebanon. On Oct. 22, 1992 Pres. Hrawi appointed Rafiq al-Hariri, a business entrepreneur, as Prime Minister. In Dec. 1992 after Israel had deported some 415 Palestinian men to Lebanon's border territory, the government announced it would not assist the men with aid declaring that they were Israel's responsibility. In March 1993 Prime Minister al-Hariri announced plans of a 10-year US $10 billion reconstruction and revival plan for Beirut. In April 1993 the government order the suspension of two of the country's leading newspaper and on television station as well as the prosecution of a third newspaper. In the same month a military court ruled that the persons responsible for the 1983 truck-bombing of the US Embassy were covered by the 1991 amnesty. In response the US government ordered the US offices of Lebanon's Middle East Airlines to close. In May 1993 there was further political strain between the Christian and Muslim factions over Cabinet reshuffles and the appointment of 72 civil servant posts by Prime Minister al-Hariri without the consultation of his Cabinet. In June 1993 an escalation of Hezbollah guerrilla attacks on Israel from southern Lebanon positions led to Israel launching on July 25, 1993 its largest naval, air and artillery attacks on Lebanon since 1982. On July 31, 1993 a cease-fire was implemented after the Lebanese government revoked all gun permits in the south and deployed an army battalion to quell the situation. The six days of fighting resulted in some 130 dead, 500 wounded and 300,000 displaced villagers. On Aug. 18, 1993 Lebanon and Syrian agreed to establish a permanent secretariat for the Higher Council in terms with a bilateral treaty signed in May 1991 and on Sept. 16, 1993 Lebanon and Syrian entered into accords on transport, agriculture and other socio-economic affairs.
CURRENCY: The official currency is the Pound (LP) divided into 100 Piastres.
ECONOMY: Gross Domestic Product; USD $15,800,000,000 (1994). Public Debt; USD $1,169,200,000 (1995). Imports; USD $6,101,000,000 (1994). Exports; USD $737,000,000 (1994). Tourism Receipts; N/A. Balance of Trade; USD -$5,364,000,000 (1994). Economically Active Population; 938,000 or 32.2% of total population (1994). Unemployed; 7.5% (1993 est.).
MAIN TRADING PARTNERS: Its main trading partners are Saudi Arabia, Syria, Kuwait and Iraq.
MAIN PRIMARY PRODUCTS: Apples, Citrus Fruits, Cotton, Goats, Grapes, Limestone, Olives, Potatoes, Sheep, Sugar Beets, Wheat.
MAJOR INDUSTRIES: Agriculture, Cement, Cotton, Fertilizers, Food Processing, Oil Refining, Trade and Banking, Textiles, Tobacco Processing, Yarn.
MAIN EXPORTS: Cement, Chemicals, Clothing, Fruit and Vegetables, Machinery, Metal, Textiles, Tobacco.
TRANSPORT: Railroads; route length 417 km (259 mi) (1982), passenger-km 8,570,000 (5,325,000 passenger-mi) (1982), cargo ton-km 42,010,000 (28,773,000,000 short ton-mi) (1982). Roads; length 7,370 km (4,580 mi) (1987). Vehicles; cars 473,372 (1982), trucks and buses 49,560 (1982). Merchant Marine; vessels 175 (1990), deadweight tonnage 473,189 (1990). Air Transport; passenger-km 1,503,227,00 (934,062,000 passenger-mi) (1990), cargo ton-km 24,037,000 (16,463,000 short ton-mi) (1990).
COMMUNICATIONS: Daily Newspapers; total of 16 with a total circulation of 500,000 (1992). Radio; receivers 2,247,000 (1994). Television; receivers 1,100,000 (1994). Telephones; units 350,000 (1993).
MILITARY: 44,300 (1995) total active duty personnel with 97.1% army, 1.1% navy and 1.8% air force while military expenditure accounts for 4.4% (1994) of the Gross National Product (GNP).
courtesy of Grace Halabi
Please take into consideration the tiny dimension of this country while
reading the following... (10452 km2)
SHOCKING NUMBERS:
17 religious communities
40 daily newspapers
42 universities
Over 100 banks
70% of the students are in private schools
40% of the Lebanese people are Christians (this is the highest % in all the Arab
countries)
There's 1 doctor / 10 people (in Europe & America there's 1 doctor / 100 people)
The name LEBANON appears 75 times in the Old Testament
The name CEDAR appears 75 times too in the Old Testament!!
Beirut was destroyed and rebuilt 7 times (This is why it's compared to the
phoenix)
There's 3.500.000 Lebanese in Lebanon
There's 5.630.000 Lebanese outside Lebanon!!
OTHER INTERESTING FACTS:
Lebanon was occupied by over 16 countries: (Egyptians - Hittites - Assyrians -
Babylonians - Persians - Alexander the great - The Roman Empire - Byzantine -
The Arabian Peninsula - The Crusaders - The Ottoman Empire - Britain - France -
Israel)
Byblos is the oldest city in the world
Lebanon's name has been around for 4.000 years non-stop (it's the oldest
nation's name in the world!)
There are 15 rivers in Lebanon (All of them coming from it's mountains)
Lebanon is one of the most populated countries in it's archeological sites in
the world
The only temple of Jupiter (The Main Greek God) is in Baalbeck (The city of the
sun)
Lebanon is the country that has the most books written about it
Lebanon is the only non-doctoral country in the Arab world
Jesus Christ made his 1st miracle in Lebanon
The Phoenicians created the 1st boat ever
The 1st alphabet was created by Cadmus in Byblos
The Dye was created in Lebanon
Phoenicians reached America long before Christopher Columbus
The 1st law school was built in Lebanon
People say that the cedars were planted by God's own hands (this is why they're
called god's trees)
Prominent People of Lebanese Origin
From Around The World
http://wlcu.com/famous%20list/world.htm
-----Original
Message-----
From: Grace H.
Sent: Sunday, March 02, 2003 11:41 AM
Subject: pls read and note bolded areas :)
From the Sudan to Medford: A Teacher's Guide FAWAZ:
Thank you Dean Whelan. It's a pleasure to be here. You will get used to my
accent within a few minutes, and I apologize if it creates a problem for you,
but if Dr. Ruth can have an accent, I can have one. (laughter) A
new
academic fashion, in the disciplines of history, anthropology, cultural
criticism and others, is to foreground authors in works of scholarship. They
talk about themselves. It's become very fashionable. In fact, ACLS, the American
Council of Learned Societies, has a very important annual lecture called "A Life
of Learning" where you talk about yourself.
Listen to the Audio
Help
But it is not in imitation of what is currently fashionable that I have chosen
to make my talk today autobiographical. I'm a historian who enjoys narrative
history, and who elsewhere has argued that the narrative, the story telling, has
conceptual implications and remains as valuable and as legitimate in modern
scholarship as theory, which is far more fashionable. So here I wish to tell you
a story that may hold some lessons for those scholars and others who seek
freedom from the constraints imposed by the norms of many societies, and
certainly by the rules of academia.
In our postmodern, post-structural, post-colonial, these are the fashionable
terms, world, all the certitudes have been shaken, and the narrative may well be
the only kind of story that we can relate with any kind of authority. That will
be my argument and I will use myself as an example of narrative that can keep
you here. If there is any lesson to be learned from this one career that is
mine, it is to follow one's heart and to seize opportunities to plunge into a
subject with the passion of an explorer and without any consideration of
practical matters, any consideration of what is useful, what is safe, what is
needed.
Many decades ago, when I was watching the man who became my husband excel at the
sport of tennis, his hobby, when he was not absorbed in his otherwise all
consuming medical training, I understood the elementary and essential reality
that if you truly love what you do, if you give your absolute best in one area
that you are passionate about, you will acquire confidence and resilience in the
face of challenges that will spill over all other areas of your life and will
help you do well. What matters is that in one area, for however brief a time we
are on this planet, we do what we do with passion and joy. They say, for
example, that the humanities and the social sciences are no longer safe careers.
They are not professions. They say that the global is more important than the
regional. They say that theory is more important than narrative. And my question
is, are they not just making a new elitism of their intellectual preferences? I
did not leave behind the biases and intolerance of the circles that surrounded
us in my youth on one continent merely to embrace those of the academic circles
I chose to be part of on another.
If education is to survive, the onslaught of the judgmental minority who tell us
that, for example, global is better than regional, and regional is more
peripheral and trivial than global, if we're going to survive that, then young
scholars, such as those who are graduating here, have to be allowed to be
passionate about their areas of study. They have to love it in the different
ways that appeal to them in order to excel in it. One makes one's intellectual
choices along the way. At least I did. Certainly, I never planned to have a
career. I drifted into one because I loved what I did and just kept doing it. I
was born in Khartoum, in the Sudan in Africa. Far from being the country of
civil war and famine that it is to many today, in the 1940s it was a land of
opportunity. Especially for educated people from the Middle East seeking
employment in, what was then, British dominated territories. Many of the members
of Christian, Muslim, Druse, Jews, other families, were inseparable in Khartoum.
My father's young bride, my future mother, was enchanted by the beauty of the
land, the orderliness of its administration, the cosmopolitanism of Khartoum,
it's elegant social life, the honesty of its people and the relative tolerance
of its communities. The boundaries between foreign communities were rarely
crossed, however. Along the banks of the Nile River, on the outskirts of
Khartoum's marketplace were the beautiful villas of the most famous or senior
British civil servants. And the Grand Hotel, as it was called, was also known
because there, when it got too full, people used to sit on the shores in an
annex adjacent to, but not on, the waterfront, where the streets where the
junior British civil servants lived together with the leading Greek, Lebanese,
Syrian, Armenian and other businessmen, teachers, and government employees. In
other areas, the various national groups lived segregated lives. And the
Sudanese mostly lived away from them all in a town called Umdurman.
Close to the river in Khartoum itself, the Nile river, the houses were all one
story with living and dining areas, a kitchen, a room where you could take a
bath and an outhouse, which was cleaned in the middle of the night by a care
taker who arrived on a donkey to change the buckets half full of sand. Fans
cooled the houses during the day, and at night people ate and slept in the
garden if they had one, or on the flat roofs if they did not. Milk was delivered
to my parents' bedside as the woman who delivered it crossed the garden hedge
just where they slept.
Social life was active, but also socially conscious. Each community had its own
club. The British were big on clubs. The English, of course, had the most
prestigious clubs. There was also a junior club for middle and lower ranking
town residents and the senior club where some nationals considered it a
privilege to be invited. Everyone looked forward to evenings at the night club,
especially when the famed Egyptian dancer, Tahiyya Karyoka performed. Or when
elegant expatriates modeled dresses that they sold to raise money for charity.
Now and again people took the boat and overnight train to go to Cairo and to
enjoy vacation at the Old Shepherd's Hotel.
As a child, I conceived a great wish to be thought Sudanese. When a few years
later, against our wishes and in compliance with those with of our parents, we
children were sent back to Lebanon, where I grew up, to take advantage of its
schools, I told everyone that I was Sudanese, not Lebanese. For a child of
Lebanese parents, born and bred in Khartoum in Africa and now living in the
quaint, if provincial, eastern Christian quarter of town, and as a Greek
Orthodox Christian whose early years were spent among Muslims, the strict
Catholic school in Beirut was not a good match for me. To the disapproval of the
nuns and to the amusement of relatives, I prayed the way the Muslim people I
cared for had done in the Sudan, prostrate on my knees, with my head touching
the floor, my hands extended in prayer, proclaiming that God was great and
merciful and that Muhammad was his prophet.
In such ways the first layers of our complicated identities begin to form. A
long way back, as we try, sometimes against all odds, to be who we want to be,
not only who we happen to be. How I survived the strictures of the well-meaning
nuns I will never know. Probably in part because, by the time I was 13, they
expelled me from their walled convent. They told my mother to find me a school
more suited to my temperament. Whatever they meant, I was fully aware that this
was not a compliment.
By then, we lived in what is called Ras Beirut, West Beirut, on the western side
of town, known for its mix of religious groups and national communities and
known for its wealth. How cosmopolitan west Beirut really was is questionable. A
sociologist of Lebanon who taught many years at Princeton has shown that close
family ties and traditional life here persisted, despite the appearance of
urbane, cosmopolitan, modern living. But it was the most sophisticated part of
the most commercial and western city among the Arab cities of the Middle East
between the 1950s and the 1970s. It was where most of the foreign consulates and
the foreign embassies, the schools, were located, including the renowned
American University of Beirut.
A few streets down from Hamra, it was like the Fifth Avenue of Beirut, the
elegant and busy shopping street where prosperous locals and foreigners mingled
in shops, cafes and cinemas. It was the predictability and simplicity of daily
life, and most of all the latitude given to us at home, that safeguarded our
freedom and independence of mind in a society where fear of gossip governed
behavior and left little room for youthful rebellion.
How I loved our apartment building, with relatives and family friends on every
floor. If one said no to a request, all we had to do was approach another until,
eventually, someone said yes. I'm sure some of you have lived the same way. In
this way, we learned to get our way, unhampered by social convention. Our
family, friends and neighbors freed us from the very traditions that they were
there to uphold. Fighting convention in small ways prepared us to fight them in
bigger ways as time went by. Although it was perfectly acceptable for a young
woman to have an education, it was not to be single-mindedly pursued. Once she
became engaged or married, after all, why seek anything more than marriage?
Love of learning, not to mention ambition on our part, made people
uncomfortable. However educated they themselves were, neighbors who could see
into our bedroom watched me forever bent over my writing table and became
concerned, lest this excess of reading and writing would damage my eyesight,
which would make me less desirable for marriage. Despite the support of family,
and later of in-laws, such reservations persisted. In graduate school, some of
our male friends found it bizarre that, now married, some of us would still be
devoting so much time to our studies.
On one occasion, a woman friend and I commented to one of them that he should
find it perfectly normal for us to spend the whole day playing cards or
shopping, but that he thought it a sad reflection on us that instead we chose to
spend our time in libraries. Poetic justice, then, that he ended up marrying a
woman who appeared to be all feminine and fragile, but who turned out to be
completely committed to work and who, despite a happy marriage, motherhood and
an active social life, persisted in having a career.
The best and most memorable memories were the carefree summers in the
mountains. In those days, middle and upper middle class families practiced
something called estivage, leaving the capital in the hot, humid summer month
for villages and resorts in the cool Lebanese mountains in the northeast of
Beirut, offering spectacular views of the Mediterranean Sea below and the snowy
mountains above the village of Dhour Shweir, as it was called, provided a life
that was the epitome of happiness for generations of Lebanese youth who
continued to cherish it in their middle age. My love for that village was put to
the test by the famous professor, Columbia professor Edward Said, who criticized
it bitterly. When we argued about it, he joked with me that I should write his
memoirs for him since I found it so objectionable. I took pleasure, though, in
reminding him that one of his own sisters had the good sense to buy a home
there, and that a great many of us still keep warm memories of our time there.
Dhour Shweir branched off from a small village center. It reminded me that, when
I saw the movie "Cinema Paradisio" I cried, it was so much like it. It branched
off from a small village center to neighborhoods of stone houses and small
apartment buildings. All terraced fields in the midst of limestone rocks and
pine forest. There were no prefabricated games. There were no computers, no
VCRs, no televisions. We had virtually no schedules for the leisure time, no
schedule for arts or sport lessons. What we had were a great many trees, hills
and valleys for picnics, walks, bicycle trips, to play in. We could cross the
whole village in no time. We invented games. We play-acted. We stole fruits from
the apple orchids and green grapes from the vineyards, built bonfires and read
voraciously. We felt very grown up when on occasional Saturdays our fathers
would take us with them to eat eggs with fat and onions in the small caf?
overlooking the valley where they and their friends would discuss politics. I
would also try without success to join my older sister on her outings, or would
tolerate and oppress my younger brother, who is now in Norwood, Massachusetts.
When we reached our teens, differences between the cultures of the city and the
cultures of the mountain that were invisible to us as children began to surface.
There was a sense of family obligations, so marvelously explained by
anthropologists, particularly one lady called Andrea Rugh, in a study of a small
city and village. These differences and obligations applied more to the villages
and towns of Mount Lebanon than to western Beirut where the mix of populations
and the inevitable exposure to outsiders had weakened convention in comparison
to the more insulated mountain areas.
There was no privacy. I cannot think of a word in Arabic for privacy, even
today. There was no privacy. Everything was village business. When the grocer,
protested that it was unseemly for teenage girls to ride bicycles, we gave them
up. When village matrons gently told us that it was unbecoming to speak loudly
or to show our teeth when we laughed or to spend unsupervised time with young
men, we learned, with varying degrees of success, to conform. We toned down our
style, we took up needlework, we learned to cover our mouth when we laughed and
found pleasure in taking leisurely walks through the village, or going to the
movies, or playing volleyball or tennis at the local club. We loved the village
enough to respect its traditions. Although with less and less conviction as the
years went by.
The predictability of my summers was not echoed in my schooling. After my rout
by the nuns, my mother enrolled me in the much sought-after, premier school for
girls called the College Protestant Francais of West Beirut. I fell immediately
in love with that school. It was as bright as my first school had been gloomy.
As modern as my first school had been antiquated. As diverse as my first school
had been homogenous. At the convent, the overwhelming majority of students were
Catholics from East Beirut, whose mothers had attended the same school. At the
College Protestant my classmates were Jews, Druze, Suni, Shi`i, Christians. They
came from different backgrounds, high society but also low, and most of all,
nouveau riche, showily nouveau riche.
I turned my energies to my studies, where in the past I had just mostly spent my
time joining my fellow conspirators to torment my robed instructors. For the
first time, I fell in love with the Arabic language because of one charismatic
teacher. Now she is a legend among the thousands of us whose lives she touched.
She drew us into the mysteries of grammar and the beauties of literature. She
was one of the best in a series of wonderful teachers who introduced us to two
worlds. Our own Lebanese one, but also the one of France, whose detailed maps
all of us could draw from memory, and whose history all of us had at our
fingertips.
Although the College gave us excellent tutelage in our own language and country,
like foreign-run schools in colonial and post-colonial days, it also taught us
notions of European, especially French, superiority. We were instructed about
the world on our side of the Mediterranean only in relation to its past, its
past glories. Of the present, of the harsh realities outside the classroom, the
build up Arab aspirations and disappointments, we knew nothing. We were wooed in
the cocoon, nurtured by the beauties of the arts, the humanities, the social and
natural sciences, but cut off from the harsh realities around us.
We were so encouraged to speak French with one another that, even now, in middle
age, we lapse into French when we meet former schoolmates. At home, in that way
that people who only speak one language either despise or admire, we spoke a mix
of Lebanese dialect and French. We knew, without the shadow of a doubt, that it
was more elegant to speak French than Arabic, and more refined to listen to
Western, than to Middle Eastern, music. Unlike today's youth, we would not have
been caught dead belly-dancing, but it was chic to tango and cha-cha.
In the 1950's, war was at our doorsteps and civil war in our midst. The refugees
from the first Arab-Israeli encounters were flooding into Lebanon to settle in
the shanty towns on outskirts of the capitol, but like the three monkeys, we
neither heard, saw, or spoke of them. Prejudice comes in different forms, one of
which is to look the other way. We did just that. We learned to pretend that
regional problems did not exist. We built walls, sometimes quite literally,
around unpleasant realities around us. On the way to the mountains, near the
harbor on the outskirts of Beirut, we drove by a famous slum which was
completely wiped out during the civil war after 1975. It was called Carantina.
We drove by those slums where ragged children could be seen from passing cars
such as ours until cement walls were erected around the slums. By such brief
encounters with poverty and misery, we were not disturbed. Everything conspired
to keep us ignorant and blissful, and we let it happen.
What an awakening it was to attend the university after high school. As it was
generally understood that education must serve some practical purpose even for
those women who were not expected to have a career, we, the youth, were
encouraged to learn something useful. I signed up, though, for anthropology,
sociology, psychology, philosophy, and literature. I enjoyed my readings, but
most of all I was swept off my feet by history. Any history. All history. My
days were filled with the Ottoman Turkish centuries, the Eastern question, the
American frontier, Arab history, the Russian Revolution, the Age of Nationalism,
the German underground, and my favorite, the French Revolution. I puzzled over
why and why not, or how empires, popular movements, revolutions shaped our
destinies.
I could not get enough of it, and I crammed a two-year MA program of eight
courses and a thesis into nine months, but by then politics could no longer be
ignored. The protective cocoon that I had lived in burst as soon as I attended
university. The student body was more diverse than any other I had ever known,
and the many who cared deeply about national causes made it impossible for the
rest of us to remain indifferent to the tensions in Lebanon and around it. For a
long time, I refused to be swayed by the arguments of the pan-Arabists, blind to
the obvious need that you need more than one faction to have a fight. I blamed
the Arabists for the escalation of violence on campus, as shouting matches were
replaced by brawls, and as it became more and more common for students to hurl
chairs, fire hydrants and anything else they could lay their hands on at one
another. Eventually guns made their way onto the campus, but by that time I had
moved on to study in the United States, where I had to face battles of a
different kind.
The 1967 War was a turning point. It changed all of us. Throughout the Six Day
War, which started on Monday, June 5th, the American University of Beirut campus
was delirious with excitement. We followed the war on the radio. Overnight the
student union was turned into a makeshift command center for the war effort,
where students could debate the news, donate blood, and register for the army.
Buses with medical and other students headed for Damascus. In the middle of
campus on the seventh floor of the student campus, which housed the student
union, large speakers were hastily installed to rally students or inform them of
the latest news from the front. Students listened intently to the voice of the
Arab radio station from Cairo as it described the Arab victories. Of course it
was nonsense, but that is what they described. They cheered when they heard of
one Israeli plane after another being shot down. Classes had been suspended, and
were never resumed that semester. Many students left for home, while the
Administration provided those who were stranded on campus with money to live on.
Commencement, which I had awaited for four years, was never held.
How brutal was the unexpected news of the crushing Arab defeat. In a memorable
television broadcast on the evening of Thursday, June 8th, the Egyptian leader,
Gamala bin Nassar, broke the news and announced his resignation. The news shook
the Arab world. Student anger and frustration erupted in demonstrations and
riots outside and inside the campus. Within minutes of his resignation, crowds
poured out onto the street, along the main arteries, to demonstrate support for
the losing Arab cause. In front of the Egyptian Embassy, by accident near our
house, and along the street which I described as very elegant, the Hamra Street,
all over West Beirut, which is supposedly the Western cosmopolitan one, the
crowds smashed every symbol they could find of the Lebanese right and of foreign
presence, including hotels, shop windows, and foreign cars. Beirut was in a
blackout for a week or more.
From the roof of our apartment building, where my family lived, we watched the
swelling crowd. We heard the angry chants. And we understood in some
fundamental, and yet unarticulated, way how momentous it all was, and how our
lives had been changed forever. Lebanon could no longer remain aloof from the
tragedies around it. For many of us, the first reaction was denial. Things had
not changed, and life would go on as it always had, although of course it never
did for the Lebanese, for the Arabs, for the Jews, for all who were drawn into
this catastrophic or momentous event. For the first, but certainly not for the
last, time, I threw myself into the past as a relief from the present. I
discovered the primary sources of nineteenth century history. I took special
pleasure reading about the past beauty of Beirut's landscapes and the serenity
of its gardens and mulberry plantations. I discovered the location and the
erosion of the old city walls. I worked my way into a trance of bygone days.
The information turned out to be invaluable when I applied to graduate school in
the United States. My husband had decided to complete his medical training here.
For my course of study, I proposed to look into the causes behind the growth of
the most important Arab city in the 20th Century, as its new preeminence clearly
could not be explained by economic or geographic factors alone. In 1970, I began
my graduate studies at Harvard University.
As soon as I arrived at the university, my first job was to undo the effects of
a Lebanese male student I had never met, who had spread the word around the
Middle East Center that I was not serious about my studies, and that all I had
done in college in Lebanon was to walk up and down Hamra, the elegant street.
Presumably, he had seen me there because he too had walked it up and down. He
was not the only one. The first Harvard professor I ever approached, a giant in
his field, still a giant, immediately decided from the brief conversation on the
steps of the building, that I could never make it through graduate school, as he
is still fond of telling me, enchanted that he was mistaken. Indeed he was.
These were not the only surprises. You leave some struggles and you start
others. What had been a virtue in Lebanon now had become a handicap in the
United States of the 1970's. In Lebanese society, political neutrality, or
tolerance, had been a virtue hard to acquire and hard to maintain because of the
factionalism. In Cambridge, Massachusetts after the 1960's, tolerance and
neutrality were regarded as something of a defect. I think one word hurled at me
once was that I was "wishy-washy". To be middle-class and liberal was positively
out of fashion in 1970. Well-meaning, idealistic young American friends could
hardly be expected to have much sympathy for foreign students with political
opinions different from their own. It was not easy for them but it was not easy
for us, either. Many of us from the Middle East, particularly women, at times
felt a bit patronized by them. We understood that our new friends meant well,
but we did not necessarily share their concerns or priorities.
I have to tell you that some of these leftists are now as right wing as can be.
Neither our political views nor our work was trendy by their standards, but they
were important to us. Enter my mentor at Harvard, who was as tolerant as those
students were implacable in their left-ism, as tactful as others had been
judgmental. Elsewhere I have expressed my admiration particularly for this
professor. Here I would simply like to single out his tolerance for different
approaches to scholarship. In his own work, he combined intellectual, social,
and political history, and he accepted good work of any kind, from broad
histories to very specialized histories, and he took an interest in students of
very different political or other intellectual inclinations. I feel privileged
to have basked in the warmth cast by the spirit of this gentleman.
The war that broke out in Lebanon in 1975 lasted until 1990. It deeply affected
all of us who cared about the region. We worried sick about our friends, our
relatives, our neighbors, and just about everyone we knew. We were at a loss
about what to do. All day we listened to the BBC, and to every other station
with news about the war. We were paralyzed, and simply did not know how to cope
with the situation we could not alter. For a while, the war put into question
everything we were doing in the United States. How could I study nineteenth
century history when Beirut and the Middle East was suffering so terribly? How
could I read descriptions of the city's growth when it was being torn apart? I
turned to European history, and took a new interest in its debates. I also
became interested in American counterfactual history, in anthropology and
literature, which I had always liked.
One night a friend called me from long distance in the United States to tell me
that her father-in-law, a Maronite Lebanese Christian, meaning a Catholic
Christian, who had supported the left, although he was Catholic Christian, had
been burned to death in revenge for a sectarian killing in Lebanon because his
identity card listed him as a Christian, even though he was totally averse to
their politics. The absurdity of the Civil War, even though it was inevitable,
the absurdity of it was so obvious that I despaired. I told myself, I'm either
going to go insane, or I'm going to stop caring. Blessed escape. Somehow I shut
my emotions out, pushed the world back. Overnight I shut off the painful present
and plunged again into the past. I stopped talking about the War, reading about
it, and I removed myself to earlier centuries.
In doing so, I had, in fact, rid myself of any vestiges of innocence left from
my childhood and high school. Resilience comes at a cost. Resilience also has
its rewards. I became harder, but more professional, more competitive, better
suited to survive American academia. That freed me to launch into a rich and
wonderful career. I have since been blessed to work with colleagues I admire,
students I love, and subjects I find fascinating.
If academia is to prosper, and that's my conclusion, it must
cherish imagination, creativity, abundance, even extravagance of thought. Better
that, with all the dangers of creativity, than predictability and its dullness.
I will go even further. Better creative history, meaning almost fictional
history, than dull history. Better risky interpretations than predictable ones.
My argument to my students is, let us take risks and stretch our imagination, or
at least be grateful for those who do. You, as parents, as graduates, and
others, we thank you for your appreciation of academia, and for making our work
enjoyable and rewarding. We are committed to it, and we hope that the passion
and -- last point -- the passion we share for our work will triumph over the
fashion of the day. Thank you very much.
From coast to Mountains, Lebanon Offers latest in tourist attractions
From The Daily Star, February 8, 2003 - Page 8 - - By Mira Meghdessian
Courtesy of Grace
The 300
Most Prominent Lebanese Americans
There are about 3 million Lebanese-Americans, and as a community, we've
been demonstrating our loyalty, inventiveness and courage on behalf of the
United States for over 100 years. Here are just a few of the more famous ones --
people you may know!
Entertainers
Ron Afif, Recorded 5 or so albums for the Pablo label. His latest being
"Solitude" a solo effort. His mother`s brother is the celebrated guitarist Ron
Anthony (Sinatra's guitarist 1985-1993). His father Charlie was a middle weight
champion fighter
Walid Akl, World-renowned pianist
Paul Anka, One of America's first pop teen idols.
Yasmine Bleeth, Actress in the "Baywatch" Series
John Bowab, Directed "Soap," "Benson," "Bosom Buddies," "The Facts of
Life," and the last season and a half of the "The Cosby Show."
Jonathon Brandmeier, Radio talk show host
Don Bustany, Created and produced "American Top 40" and "American Country
Countdown." Recently added "Casey's Top 40" and "Casey's Country Countdown."
Elie Chaib, Dancer. Both youngest and oldest performer with the famous
Paul Taylor company. In 1992 he was named the "Dancer of the Year" by the New
York Times.
Dick Dale, King of the Surf Guitar
George S. Dibie, Emmy Award-winning cinematographer-director. Now
President of the International Photographers Guild.
George Durgom, Through the years, managed Jackie Gleason, Sammy Davis,
Jr. and Marilyn Monroe.
Bechara El Khoury, World-renowned musician.
Rosalind Elias, Opera prima donna who hit the high notes at the Met.,
NY.
Shannon Elizabeth, (Fadal) - Best known for her "American Pie" movie
where she plays the sexy Czech student. Her website:
http://www.ShannonElizabeth.com/
Jamie Farr, Actor. Farr is best known in his role as Corporal Maxwell Q.
Klinger in the TV show M*A*S*H.
Sammy Haggar, Former lead vocalist for Van Halen.
Khrystyne Haje, Actress. Best known in her role as Simone Foster in the
television series Head of the Class.
Jack Hanna, Popular host of the hit television series, "Jack Hanna's
Animal Adventures," one of America's most beloved naturalists and adventurers.
Salma Hayek, Superstar of Hollywood hits such as "Desperado" with Antonio
Banderas and "Fools Rush In". Salma is mixed Lebanese and Mexican.
Dan Hedaya, Played many flavorful character parts in features, often
portraying cops (The Hunger, 1983; Tightrope, 1984; Running Scared, 1986; The
Usual Suspects, 1995), crime figures, or crusty regular guys. His most indelible
impression was made in Blood Simple (1984), the landmark independent feature
debut of the Coen brothers.
Waleed Howrani, World-renowned musician, concert pianist and composer.
Paul Jabara, Oscar winning composer for "Last Dance" from Thank God It's
Friday.
Mike Joseph, Pioneered the concept of a radio programming consultant in
1958
Mario Kassar, Former chairman of Carolco Pictures, the movie company that
produced such blockbusters as Rambo, Terminator 2, and Total Recall. At one time
he ran a billion-dollar industry.
Asaad Kelad, Has done numerous series like "Family Ties" and episodes of
"The Facts of Life," "Who's the Boss?," "WKRP in Cincinnati," etc.
Herbert Khaury, Lebanese-American folk singer known to all of his fans as
"Tiny Tim"
Callie Khoury, First woman to receive an Oscar for Best Original
Screenplay -- for "Thelma and Louise"
Emile Kuri, Nominated eight times for films like Mary Poppins. Won the
Oscar twice -- for "The Heiress" and Disney's "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea."
Wendie Malick, "One of the stars of NBC’s hit show
Just Shoot Me
Kristy McNichol, Actress. Best known in her role as Bubby Lawrence on the
late 1970s TV show Family. Also best known in her as an undercover cop on the TV
show Empty Nest.
Michael Nader, Actor in the "Dynasty" series.
Michelle Nader, Comedy writer of the TV Series "Spin City"
Kathy Najimy, Actress and activist, "Veronica's Closet", "Sister Act",
"Rat Race". Her website:
http://kathynajimy.com/
Michael Nouri, The leading man who starred in the movie Flashdance; later
seen in TV's "Love and War" sitcom.
Harold Ramis, Wrote and directed over the past twenty years over a dozen
films, several of which are among the highest grossing comedies of all time. In
1978, Animal House became a blockbuster, and Harold began a long,
successful (and hilarious) string of hits, including Meatballs, Caddyshack,
Stripes, Ghostbusters, Back to School, Groundhog Day, Analyze This
and most recently, Bedazzled.
Keanu Reeves, That's right. Keanu was born in Beirut in the 1970's. He
is mixture of Hawaiian, Chinese, and American.
Diane Rehm, Host and executive producer of "The Diane Rehm Show" on
National Public Radio (NPR).
Fouad Said, The cinematographer who designed Cinemobile -- the first
customized van for filming on location -- while working on the TV series "I
Spy". For this achievement, he received a Technical Academy Award in 1970
Fred Saidy, Wrote two classics, "Finian's Rainbow" and "Bloomer Girl."
Lucie Salhany, Former chairwoman for Fox Broadcasting Co. and former
chairwoman for United Paramount (TV) Network
Elie Samaha, Producer and owner of Franchise Pictures; Films: Driven, The
whole nine yards, The Pledge, Battle Field Earth, Heist, Exit Wounds
Neil Sedaka, Lebanese American singer
Shakira, World-renowned rock singer. Born in Columbia of Lebanese
descent.
Tony Shalhoub, One of the alien men in Men In Black
Omar Sharif, Born Michael Shalhoub in Alexandria, Egypt in 1932, to
Lebanese parents.
Tom Shidyac, Director. Directed such well known movies like Ace Ventura:
Pet Detective, and The Nutty Professor
G. E. Smith, Former bandleader for many years for NBC TVs "Saturday Night
Live."
James Stacy, Played James Stacy in the popular TV drama "Laramie."
Michael Tadross, Was the unit production manager for Die Hard III,
Devil's Advocate, and many other movies.
Julie Taymor, The creative mastermind behind the Broadway version of
Disney's "The Lion King." She also directed the powerful film "Titus."
The Late Danny Thomas, Founder of St. Jude Hospital for Children,
comedian and star of sit-com, "Make Room For Daddy".
Marlo Thomas, Actress and Producer. Daughter of the late actor Danny
Thomas. Marlo has won Emmy Awards and is best known for her role in That Girl
Tony Thomas, Producer. Son of the late actor Danny Thomas. Has won Emmy
Awards for his productions
Tiffany, The first teenage singer to have her first two singles both hit
number one
Gabriel Yared, Academy Award winner, music score composer for the movie
"The English patient".
Amy Yasbeck, Actress. Played in the TV series Wings and played in the
movies Problem Child and Robin Hood Men in Tights.
David Yazbeck, Wrote the lyrics and score for "The Full Monty"
Frank Zappa, Former legend in the world of rock
Ambassadors, Diplomats and Politicians
Chris Abboud, Nebraska State Senator
James Abdnor, US Senator of South Dakota (1981-1986)
James Abourezk, U.S. Senator of South Dakota (1971-1979)
Spencer Abraham, The new Secretary of Energy of the United States of
America . He is a third-generation American of Lebanese descent. Born in
Michigan. Was also a U.S. Senator representing the state of Michigan.
John Ash, Mayor, Olean (NY)
William N. Aswad, Vermont State Representative
Victor Atiyeh, Governor of Oregon (1979-1987)
Suzanne Azar, Mayor, El Paso (TX) 1989-1991
John Baldacci, Congressman (ME)
Michael Baroody, Asst Secretary, US Department of Labor (1985-1988)
William Baroody Jr, Asst to the President, Office of Public Liaison
(1973-1977)
Timothy Bryan, City Council Member, Massillon (OH)
David Cappiello, Connecticut State Representative
George Crady, Florida State Representative
Mitch Daniels, Assistant to the President, Political and
Intergovernmental Affairs (1985-1987)
Pat Danner, Former Congresswoman (MO)
Brenda Elias, Mayor, Franklin (NH) 1989-1994
George Ellis, Texas Court of Appeals
Edward J. Elum, Jr. - Judge on the Massillon (OH) Municipal Court.
Joe Farris, West Virginia State Delegate
Elias Francis, Former Lieutenant Governor of New Mexico.
Edward Gabriel, U.S. Ambassador to the kingdom of Morocco
Joseph P. Gan